Liquid-Crystal Display (LCD) Controller: Sitronix ST7066U
Pin used
There are two interfaces due to LCD controller, i.e. using 8-bit and 4-bit. The design of Spartan-3E, in this article using 4-bit interface and multi-purpose with a storage device of Intel StrataFlash. So there is a procedure shall be initialized and configured on the display. LCD_RW has a low level won’t be read its data from the display. LCD_E has a low level, it makes an LCD ignores all of the inputs. LCD_RS has a high level, it will impact the write operation while the LCD_RS is in low level so it will be read operation.
LCD Memory
LCD device has three internal memories. The Data Display RAM (DD RAM) is utilized as a data reference will be displayed on the screen, the Character Generator RAM (CG RAM) will store a pattern made by users and the Character Generator ROM (CG ROM) consists of a number of American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) symbol patterns that have been defined (see Figure 1). The storage devices implemented in this article are DD-RAM and CG-ROM.
Figure 1. ASCII Code in LCD
The addresses used are locations in the DD-RAM that physically related to the character location performed by the LCD. The character display addresses shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2. Addresses of DD RAM
Command Format of LCD
Each command of 8-bit to the LCD controller causes more than 4-bit interface that each command is decomposed to 4-bit of two transmissions that have a distance of 1 μs. The next 4-bit command has a distance of 40 μs as shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3. The Timing of LCD Interface
A clock period of 50 MHz is 20 ns. The time between 4-bit the initial command is 1 us (50 clock cycles). The time between the next 4-bit command is 40 us (2000 clock cycles). The delay time of clear display is 1,64 ms (82000 clock cycles). The setup time of 40 ns is 2 clock cycles, the hold time of 230 ns (12 clock cycles), and the fall time is 10 ns (around 1 clock cycle).
Set of LCD Command.
Initialization, configuration, and LCD display
There are three main parts using an LCD i.e. first, initializing 4-bit interface; second, set a display choice; and third, write a character data.
Initialization
- Wait till 15 ms (750,000 clock cycles) at 50 MHz.
- Write SF_D<11:8> = 0x3, pulse of LCD_E is in high level during 12 clock cycles.
- Wait till 4.1 ms (205,000 clock cycles) at 50 MHz.
- Write SF_D<11:8> = 0x3, pulse LCD_E is in high level during 12 clock cycles.
- Wait till 100 μs (5,000 clock cycles) at 50 MHz.
- Write SF_D<11:8> = 0x3, pulse of LCD_E is in high level during 12 clock cycles.
- Wait till 40 μs (2,000 clock cycles) at 50 MHz.
- Write SF_D<11:8> = 0x2, pulse of LCD_E is in high level during 12 clock cycles.
- Wait till 40 μs (2,000 clock cycles) at 50 MHz.
Configuration
- Making a command of Function Set 0x28, configuring the display to the interface data length operation, a number of display lines and font types. The Spartan-3E Starter Kit supports a single function set with the value of 0x28.
- Making a command of Entry Mode Set, 0x05, to set a display in order the address pointer to increment automatically (DB1=1), whereas DB1=0, if it is decrement. If DB0=0 then it will disable a character shifting and if DB=1, it will shift all of the displayed characters.
- Making a command Display On/Off, 0x0C, to change on and off of the cursor and blink displays. If DB2=0 then there is no character will be displayed, whereas if DB2=1 then the character stored on the DD RAM will be displayed. If the DB1=0 then the cursor won’t be displayed but if DB1=1 then the cursor will be displayed. If DB0=0 then there is no blinking cursor and if DB0=1 then the cursor will be on and off around a half second.
- Making a command of Clear Display to erase a display, then to make a delay about 1.64 ms (82,000 clock cycles) as shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4. Display Command of The LCD
In Indonesia:
LCD Controller: Sitronix ST7066U
Pin yang digunakan
Ada dua cara antarmuka dengan LCD controller, yaitu menggunakan 8 bit dan 4 bit. Perancangan Spartan-3E dalam hal ini menggunakan antarmuka empat bit dan berbagi guna dengan perangkat penyimpan Intel StrataFlash. Sehingga ada prosedur yang harus diinisialisasi dan dikonfigur pada tampilan. LCD_RW bernilai low tidak akan dibaca datanya dari tampilan. LCD_E low menyebabkan LCD mengabaikan seluruh masukan. LCD_RS high menyebabkan menjadi operasi tulis sedangkan LCD_RS low menyebabkan menjadi operasi baca.
Memori LCD
Perangkat LCD mempunyai tiga internal memori. Data Display RAM (DD RAM) digunakan sebagai rujukan data yang akan ditampilkan ke layar, Character Generator RAM (CG RAM) akan menyimpan pola yang dibuat pengguna dan Character Generator ROM (CG ROM) terdiri dari sejumlah pola simbol ASCII yang telah didefinisikan. Penggunaan perangkat penyimpan yang digunakan pada tulisan ini adalah DD-RAM dan CG-ROM.
Gambar 1 Karakter LCD
Alamat yang digunakan adalah lokasi dalam DD-RAM yang secara fisik terkait dengan lokasi karakter yang ditampilkan pada LCD.
Gambar 2. Alamat Heksadesimal DD RAM
Format perintah LCD
Masing-masing perintah 8 bit ke LCD controller menyebabkan lebih dari antarmuka 4 bit yang masing-masing perintah didekomposisikan menjadi dua transmisi 4 bit yang berjarak 1μs. Perintah 4 bit berikutnya berjarak sekitar 40μs.
Gambar 3. Pewaktuan Antarmuka LCD
Periode clock 50MHz adalah 20ns. Waktu antara perintah 4 bit awal adalah 1us (50 clock cycles). Waktu antara perintah 4 bit berikutnya adalah 40us (2000 clock cycles). Waktu tunda Clear Display adalah 1,64ms (82000 clock cycles). Setup time-nya 40ns merupakan 2 clock cycles, hold time-nya 230ns (12 clock cycles), dan fall time-nya 10ns (sekitar 1 clock cycle).
Serangkaian perintah LCD.
Gambar 4. Perintah Tampilan LCD (Xilinx, 2006)
Inisialisasi, konfigurasi dan tampilan LCD
Ada tiga bagian pokok menggunakan LCD, pertama menginisialisasi 4 bit antarmuka, kedua menset pilihan tampilan dan ketiga menulis data karakter.
Inisialisasi
- Menunggu sedikitnya 15 ms (750,000 clock cycles) pada 50 MHz.
- Tulis SF_D<11:8> = 0x3, pulsa LCD_E High selama 12 clock cycles.
- Tunggu sedikitnya 4.1 ms (205,000 clock cycles) pada 50 MHz.
- Tulis SF_D<11:8> = 0x3, pulsa LCD_E High selama 12 clock cycles.
- Tunggu sedikitnya 100 μs (5,000 clock cycles) pad 50 MHz.
- Tulis SF_D<11:8> = 0x3, pulsa LCD_E High selama 12 clock cycles.
- Tunggu sedikitnya 40 μs (2,000 clock cycles) pada 50 MHz.
- Tulis SF_D<11:8> = 0x2, pulsa LCD_E High selama 12 clock cycles.
- Tunggu sedikitnya 40 μs (2,000 clock cycles) pada 50 MHz.
Konfigurasi
- Membuat perintah Function Set, 0x28, mengkonfigurasi tampilan untuk operasi panjang data antarmuka, jumlah garis tampilan dan jenis huruf. Spartan-3E Starter Kit mendukung set fungsi tunggal dengan nilai 0x28.
- Membuat perintah Entry Mode Set command, 0x05, untuk menset tampilan agar pointer alamat naik secara otomatis (DB1=1), sedangkan DB1=0, jika pointer alamat turun secara otomatis. Jika DB0=0 maka akan men-disable pergeseran karakter dan jika DB=1 maka akan menggeser seluruh karakter yang ditampilkan.
- Membuat perintah Display On/Off, 0x0C, untuk mengubah hidup dan matinya kursor dan blinking tampilan. Jika DB2=0 maka tidak ada karakter yang akan ditampilkan, sedangkan jika DB2=1 maka karakter yang tersimpan pada DD RAM akan ditampilkan. Jika DB1=0 maka kursor tidak tertampil namun jika DB1=1 maka kursor akan ditampilkan. Jika DB0=0 maka tidak ada cursor blinking dan jika DB0=1 maka cursor akan hidup dan mati sekitar setengah detik.
- Membuat perintah Clear Display untuk menghapus tampilan, kemudian membuat tunda sebesar 1.64 ms (82,000 clock cycles).
2,851 thoughts on “Principle of LCD”
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(11/14/2024 - 02:58)A giant meteorite boiled the oceans 3.2 billion years ago. Scientists say it was a ‘fertilizer bomb’ for life
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A massive space rock, estimated to be the size of four Mount Everests, slammed into Earth more than 3 billion years ago — and the impact could have been unexpectedly beneficial for the earliest forms of life on our planet, according to new research.
Typically, when a large space rock crashes into Earth, the impacts are associated with catastrophic devastation, as in the case of the demise of the dinosaurs 66 million years ago, when a roughly 6.2-mile-wide (10-kilometer) asteroid crashed off the coast of the Yucatan Peninsula in what’s now Mexico.
But Earth was young and a very different place when the S2 meteorite, estimated to have 50 to 200 times more mass than the dinosaur extinction-triggering Chicxulub asteroid, collided with the planet 3.26 billion years ago, according to Nadja Drabon, assistant professor of Earth and planetary sciences at Harvard University. She is also lead author of a new study describing the S2 impact and what followed in its aftermath that published Monday in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
“No complex life had formed yet, and only single-celled life was present in the form of bacteria and archaea,” Drabon wrote in an email. “The oceans likely contained some life, but not as much as today in part due to a lack of nutrients. Some people even describe the Archean oceans as ‘biological deserts.’ The Archean Earth was a water world with few islands sticking out. It would have been a curious sight, as the oceans were probably green in color from iron-rich deep waters.”
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(11/16/2024 - 08:19)Base is for everyone.
Base Bridge is a cutting-edge solution facilitating smooth transfers between different blockchain networks. By creating a seamless link, it reduces the complexity and cost of blockchain transactions.
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Base Bridge is a cutting-edge solution facilitating smooth transfers between different blockchain networks. By creating a seamless link, it reduces the complexity and cost of blockchain transactions.
Key Features of Base Bridge
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Incorporating Base Bridge into your blockchain strategy offers numerous benefits:
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(11/16/2024 - 08:26)How to Securely Log Into Debank: A Step-by-Step Guide
Logging into your Debank account is the first step towards managing your DeFi portfolio. Ensuring that your login credentials remain secure is crucial for protecting your investments. In this guide, we’ll walk you through the process of logging into Debank safely and efficiently.
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Step 1: Visit the Official Debank Website
Start by navigating to the official Debank website. Avoid using search engine results to prevent phishing attacks. The URL should be .
Step 2: Click on the Login Button
On the homepage, locate the Login button usually positioned at the top right corner of the page. Click on it to proceed to the login page.
Step 3: Enter Your Credentials
Input your registered email address and password. Ensure your password is strong, combining letters, numbers, and symbols to enhance security.
Step 4: Two-Factor Authentication
It’s recommended to enable Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) for an additional security layer. This can be done using an app like Google Authenticator. Enter the code generated by your 2FA app to continue.
Step 5: Secure Your Account
Regularly Update Your Password: Change your password every 3-6 months.
Use a Password Manager: Helps store and recall complex passwords without difficulty.
Monitor Account Activity: Regularly check for any unauthorized access or activity.
Additional Tips for Staying Safe Online
Be vigilant about where you input your credentials. Always ensure that you have a secure and reliable internet connection. Avoid accessing your Debank account on public Wi-Fi networks, which might be unsecured.
By following these guidelines, you can enhance the security of your Debank login process and safeguard your investments effectively. Stay aware of the latest security practices and updates from Debank to keep your account secure.
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(11/16/2024 - 10:21)Phantom Wallet Extension | Official Website
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The Phantom Wallet is revolutionizing the way users handle digital currencies. Designed for the Solana network, it offers security and ease for both beginners and experienced users. Dive into its features and learn how it can elevate your crypto management.
Why Choose Phantom Wallet?
When it comes to managing digital assets, security is paramount. Phantom Wallet provides top-tier security features, ensuring users’ assets remain safe from threats.
Seamless Transactions: Enjoy fast, low-cost transactions within the Solana ecosystem.
User-Friendly Interface: Navigate easily with an intuitive design that suits all user skill levels.
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Getting Started with Phantom Wallet
Setting up your Phantom Wallet is simple. Follow these steps:
Download and install the Phantom extension from a trusted source.
Create a new wallet or import an existing one by following the prompts.
Backup your secret recovery phrase in a safe location.
Once set up, you can start managing your tokens effortlessly.
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Beyond security, Phantom Wallet offers:
Integration: Easily connect to popular decentralized apps and exchanges.
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(11/16/2024 - 10:22)Optimize your trades across hundreds of DEXes on multiple networks
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1inch Exchange is a decentralized exchange aggregator. It searches multiple DEXs to find the most efficient path for your trade, thus minimizing costs and maximizing returns. By splitting your transaction into parts and executing them across different platforms, 1inch achieves the best possible market rates.
Explore the 1inch Network: The Future of DeFi
The 1inch Network stands at the forefront of decentralized finance (DeFi), offering traders highly efficient cryptocurrency swap solutions across multiple platforms. This introduction to 1inch will guide you through its features, benefits, and the impact it’s making in the crypto trading ecosystem.
What Makes 1inch Unique?
1inch is renowned for being a decentralized exchange aggregator. It sources liquidity from various exchanges to offer users the best possible rates. By splitting orders across multiple platforms, 1inch minimizes slippage and maximizes the value from each trade.
Core Components of 1inch
1inch Aggregation Protocol: A sophisticated routing mechanism that finds the most efficient swapping paths across multiple decentralized exchanges.
1inch Liquidity Protocol: An automated market maker (AMM) that operates in a gas-efficient way, allowing users to provide liquidity and earn a portion of trades.
1inch DAO: A decentralized autonomous organization that allows token holders to participate in the governance of the network.
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By tapping into 1inch’s ecosystem, traders gain access to:
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(11/16/2024 - 11:33)Welcome to Stargate Finance
Stargate Finance is revolutionizing the way you engage with decentralized financial services. Our platform is designed to offer a secure, efficient, and user-friendly experience for all your financial needs in the world of decentralized finance.
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Why Choose Stargate Finance?
In the rapidly evolving world of decentralized finance (DeFi), Stargate Finance stands out as a trusted platform due to its innovative solutions and user-centric approach. Here are some reasons to choose us:
Seamless integration with major blockchain ecosystems
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User-friendly interface for beginners and experts alike
Core Features of Stargate Finance
Stargate Finance provides a variety of features to enhance your DeFi experience, including:
Cross-Chain Transactions: Safely send and receive assets across different blockchain networks.
Liquidity Provision: Earn rewards by providing liquidity to various liquidity pools.
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How to Get Started
Getting started with Stargate Finance is simple:
Visit our official website and create an account.
Connect your crypto wallet and fund your account with preferred assets.
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(11/16/2024 - 11:33)Explore the Innovative World of PancakeSwap Finance
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PancakeSwap is a leading decentralized finance (DeFi) platform that allows users to trade cryptocurrencies, participate in yield farming, and more. With its user-friendly interface and wide range of features, PancakeSwap has become a popular choice for cryptocurrency enthusiasts.
Why Choose PancakeSwap?
Here are several reasons why PancakeSwap stands out among other DeFi platforms:
Cost Efficiency: Transaction fees on PancakeSwap are significantly lower compared to traditional centralized exchanges.
Security: As a decentralized platform, PancakeSwap offers enhanced security by eliminating the need for intermediaries.
Community-Driven: PancakeSwap is built on the Binance Smart Chain and actively involves its community in the platform’s development.
Key Features of PancakeSwap
PancakeSwap provides a plethora of features designed to enhance the trading and investing experience of its users. Here are some noteworthy functionalities:
1. Decentralized Exchange (DEX)
PancakeSwap enables users to swap BEP-20 tokens without relying on a centralized exchange. This feature facilitates seamless trading without compromising on speed or security.
2. Yield Farming
User can engage in yield farming to earn rewards. By providing liquidity to the exchange, participants can earn CAKE, PancakeSwap’s native token, boosting their holdings.
3. Lottery
The platform hosts a lottery where participants can buy tickets with CAKE for a chance to win substantial rewards. This adds an element of fun and potential profit-making opportunities.
4. NFTs
PancakeSwap also delves into the realm of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), allowing users to purchase and exchange digital collectibles, adding versatility to their investment options.
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(11/16/2024 - 22:33)Unlock the Power of Eigenlayer
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Security is paramount in the blockchain world, and Eigenlayer takes this seriously. By leveraging state-of-the-art technology, Eigenlayer provides an unparalleled layer of protection for blockchain protocols. This ensures that transactions are not only secure but also reliable.
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One of the most compelling features of Eigenlayer is its customization capabilities. Understanding that each blockchain project has unique needs, Eigenlayer offers a flexible architecture allowing projects to tailor solutions to their specific requirements.
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By providing these advanced features, Eigenlayer doesn’t just offer protection and customization; it empowers blockchain developers to push the boundaries of what’s possible. With Eigenlayer, the limitations often faced in blockchain scalability and security are becoming a thing of the past.
Whether you are a developer seeking better security solutions or an entrepreneur aiming to launch your blockchain project with tailor-made features, Eigenlayer provides the tools and the support you need to succeed in the competitive digital landscape.
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(11/16/2024 - 23:46)What is DeBridge Finance?
DeBridge Finance is an innovative solution designed to facilitate seamless cross-chain blockchain operations. It empowers developers and users by allowing the transfer of data and assets across different blockchain networks efficiently and securely.
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Key Features of DeBridge Finance
DeBridge Finance stands out due to its remarkable features which include:
Interoperability: The platform provides effective interoperability between multiple blockchains, eliminating the boundaries that exist.
Security: By leveraging advanced security protocols, DeBridge ensures the safe transit of data and assets.
Scalability: It is designed to handle a growing number of transactions without compromising on performance.
How Does DeBridge Finance Work?
DeBridge Finance operates through a combination of smart contracts and decentralized communication protocols. These components work together to authenticate and execute cross-chain data and asset transfers swiftly and securely.
Smart Contracts
The platform utilizes smart contracts to automate processes and ensure trustless operations across different chain environments.
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Communication across blockchains is made possible through a decentralized message protocol, enabling effective data sharing.
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Choosing DeBridge Finance for cross-chain operations brings several advantages:
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Developer-Friendly: Offering robust tools and resources, DeBridge makes it easier for developers to build cross-chain applications.
Enhanced User Experience: Users benefit from smoother transactions without the need to switch between different network interfaces.
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(11/17/2024 - 01:43)Aerodrome Finance: Unlocking Potential for Growth
The world of aerodrome finance is pivotal for ensuring the efficient operation, enhancement, and expansion of aerodrome facilities globally. With the increasing demand for air travel, understanding aerodrome financial processes is more important than ever.
Why Aerodrome Finance Matters
Aerodrome finance plays a critical role in the lifespan of airport projects, providing necessary funding from initial development to ongoing management. Here are key reasons why it matters:
Infrastructure Development: Secure financial backing enables the construction and maintenance of essential airport infrastructure.
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Various strategies can be employed to optimize aerodrome finance, ensuring both immediate and long-term benefits. Here are a few notable approaches:
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These partnerships combine public sector oversight and private sector efficiency, leading to shared risks and rewards. They facilitate diverse financial resources and innovative solutions for airport projects.
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Exploring non-aeronautical revenue streams, such as retail concessions and property leases, can significantly bolster an airport’s financial resilience. Such diversification allows for a steady income flow independent of ticket sales.
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Adopting sustainable financial practices, including green bonds and ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) criteria, aligns with modern ecological standards and attracts environmentally conscious investors.
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(11/17/2024 - 04:23)Chainlist: Simplifying Blockchain Connections
In the evolving world of cryptocurrencies, Chainlist emerges as a pivotal tool for users looking to seamlessly interact with various blockchain networks. Understanding what Chainlist offers and how it operates can significantly enhance your crypto experience.
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What is Chainlist?
Chainlist is a user-friendly platform designed to facilitate easy connections between crypto wallets and blockchain networks. It caters to both new and experienced crypto users by providing a comprehensive list of blockchain networks that can be accessed with just a few clicks.
Key Features of Chainlist
Extensive Network List: Chainlist provides access to a vast selection of blockchain networks, ensuring users can connect to the network of their choice with ease.
Seamless Wallet Integration: With Chainlist, users can connect their crypto wallets such as MetaMask efficiently, facilitating quick and secure transactions.
User-Friendly Interface: The platform’s intuitive design ensures a smooth user experience, making it easy for beginners to navigate through different blockchain networks.
Why Use Chainlist?
Using Chainlist can considerably enhance your blockchain interactions by simplifying the network connection process. Here are some reasons why you should consider using Chainlist:
Reduce Errors: Minimize the chances of manually inputting incorrect network details.
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How to Connect Your Wallet Using Chainlist
Visit the .
Search for the blockchain network you wish to connect with.
Click on the “Connect Wallet” button next to your desired network.
Authorize the connection through your wallet’s interface, such as MetaMask.
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In summary, Chainlist serves as a crucial bridge between crypto users and blockchain networks, offering a simplified connection process that enhances both functionality and accessibility.
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Are you looking for a simple way to connect to different blockchain networks? Chain List offers a seamless solution, allowing users to discover and connect to thousands of blockchain networks rapidly and efficiently.
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Chain List is a user-friendly platform designed to help cryptocurrency enthusiasts, developers, and investors explore various blockchain networks. With a focus on decentralized technologies, it provides a vast database of available networks, offering quick, reliable connections for users.
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Like many other places in rural Italy (such as Sambuca in Sicily), the Sardinian village of Ollolai has an ongoing campaign to persuade outsiders to move there to revive the town’s fortunes. Focusing on the US election result is its latest strategy.
Despite all the houses going on offer, working visas to Italy are still very limited. Professional musicians Zeneba Bowers and Matt Walker gave up their Tennessee home in 2019 and moved to a village north of Rome after securing super-rare self-employed visas. Here’s how they did it.
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The Italian village offering $1 homes to Americans upset by the US election result was one of our top stories on CNN Travel this week.
Like many other places in rural Italy (such as Sambuca in Sicily), the Sardinian village of Ollolai has an ongoing campaign to persuade outsiders to move there to revive the town’s fortunes. Focusing on the US election result is its latest strategy.
Despite all the houses going on offer, working visas to Italy are still very limited. Professional musicians Zeneba Bowers and Matt Walker gave up their Tennessee home in 2019 and moved to a village north of Rome after securing super-rare self-employed visas. Here’s how they did it.
California woman Chelsea Waite says it was “nothing less than a miracle” when she snagged the new digital nomad visa that launched in April 2024, although there have been few accounts of people getting hold of one. Here’s how it fell into place for the self-employed public relations professional.
For well-heeled Americans who set their sights beyond Italy, the options are greater. Interest in citizenship-by-investment “golden visas” has soared since the election, according to consultants who help the wealthy migrate.
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Over in the world of dairy, this year’s World Cheese Awards saw 4,786 cheeses from 47 countries assembled in the Portuguese city of Viseu to face judges’ scrutiny. The winning coagulated curd was a “voluptuous … match of protein and fat,” one juror said.
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«Количество преступлений следственной группы по делу, связываемому следователями с кооперативом «Бест Вей», множится…»
Следственная группа ГСУ ГУ МВД России по г. Санкт-Петербургу и Ленинградской области по уголовному делу, связываемому следователями с компаниями «Лайф-из-Гуд», «Гермес Менеджмент» и кооперативом «Бест Вей», однажды встав на путь совершения преступлений, никак не может остановиться.
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Количество преступлений следственной группы по делу, связываемому следователями с кооперативом «Бест Вей», множится: 1 декабря Приморский районный суд города Санкт-Петербурга вынужден был признать незаконным фактический отказ кооперативу в ознакомлении с материалами уголовного дела. При рассмотрении дела выяснилось, что следственная группа ГСУ питерского главка МВД, формально руководимая замначальника ГСУ полковником юстиции А.Н. Винокуровым, а фактически — подполковником юстиции Е.А. Сапетовой, подделала документы. Жалоба была подана адвокатом кооператива в июле, много раз ее рассмотрение откладывалось и вот наконец состоялось.
Уличенная адвокатами кооператива в нарушении УПК, следственная группа составила письмо об удовлетворении ходатайства задним числом и попыталась представить дело так, что кооператив не получил письмо по своей вине. Очередная грубая работа, выявленная, как ни парадоксально, в том числе и с помощью системы электронного документооборота самого питерского главка МВД.
Незаконное содержание под стражей
Подделка документов была вынужденным преступлением для сокрытия более серьезного: незаконного содержания под стражей. Если бы следствие 4 июля с. г., как оно пишет в поддельных документах, пригласило кооператив для ознакомления с материалами уголовного дела, оно бы не успело за 30 суток до истечения предельного срока содержания четверых обвиняемых под стражей начать ознакомление обвиняемых с материалами дела, а это было единственное основание продления им срока содержания под стражей.
Следственная группа из-за спешки даже толком не смогла завершить следственные действия, незаконно вела параллельное расследование по «резервному» делу, но сейчас, отбросив стыд, из-за отсутствия материала для составления «нужного» обвинительного заключения, незаконно продолжила расследование «основного» дела. Недавно СГ заявила о новой экспертизе — следственном действии, которое на этапе ознакомления с материалами дела обвиняемых противоречит УПК, предусматривающему четкую этапность завершения предварительного расследования.
Следственная группа могла действовать по закону: просто продлить расследование — но тогда пришлось бы отпускать из-под стражи четверых обвиняемых, что, очевидно, противоречит ее плану держать их в заложниках.
Признание судом первой инстанции незаконности невыполнения 216-й статьи УПК уже сейчас открывает возможности оспаривать октябрьские постановления судов о продлении «стражи» четверым обвиняемым: Уголовно-процессуальный кодекс, как уже было сказано, запрещает нарушение этапности и такое нарушение ведет к тому, что все этапы нужно осуществлять заново, а значит четверых обвиняемых нужно выпускать из СИЗО.
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